Structural and functional trade-offs are integral to the evolution of the mammalian skull and its development. This paper examines the potential for enlargement of the masticatory musculature to limit the size of the ...

The challenge hypothesis has been enormously successful in predictinginterspecific androgen profiles for vertebrate males. Nevertheless, in the absence of another theoretical framework, many researchers ‘retrofit’ the ...

Biological invasions offer unique opportunities to investigate evolutionary dynamics at the peripheries of expanding pop-ulations. Here, we examine genetic patterns associated with admixture between two distinct invasive ...

The eggs of amniotes exhibit a remarkable variety of shapes, from spherical to elongate and from symmetrical to asymmetrical. We examine eggshell geometry in a diverse sample of fossil and living amniotes using geometric ...

Evolution is presumed to proceed by random mutations, which increase an individual’s fitness. Increased fitness produces a higher survival rate for those individuals within populations and drives the variants to fixation ...