The 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) was conducted to assess the quality of research carried out at higher education institutions in the UK over a 6 year period. However, the process was criticized for being ...

Chapter 1: Tools for Analysis. 1.1 Basic Concepts of Set Theory. 1.2 Functions. 1.3 The Natural Numbers and Mathematical Induction. 1.4 Order Field Axioms. 1.5 The Completeness Axiom for the Real Numbers. 1.6 Applications ...

Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships’ hulls. With volumes of ...

This is a text that covers the standard topics in a sophomore-level course in discrete mathematics: logic, sets, proof techniques, basic number theory, functions, relations, and elementary combinatorics, with an emphasis ...

With the rising incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (DM II) worldwide, methods to identify high-risk geographical areas have become increasingly important. In this comprehensive review following Cochrane Collaboration ...

Selection among alternative theoretical models given an observed dataset is an important challenge in many areas of physics and astronomy. Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) is an extremely powerful technique ...

Quantifying biodiversity aspects such as species presence absence, richness and abundance is an important challenge to answer scientific and resource management questions. In practice, biodiversity can only be assessed ...

Chapter 1: Understanding the Derivative. Chapter 2: Computing Derivatives. Chapter 3: Using Derivatives. Chapter 4: The Definite Integral. Chapter 5: Finding Antiderivatives and Evaluating Integrals. Chapter 6: Using ...